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The
White Cloud Temple is in southwestern Beijing, directly
behind the Broadcasting Building. It was called the Temple
of Heavenly Eternity during the Tang Dynasty and the Temple
of the Great Ultimate during the Jin Dynasty. It is the
largest Daoist architectural complex in Beijing and was
the headquarters for the Dragon Gate sect. Although historical
records indicate that there were Daoist temples in Beijing
during the Tang Dynasty, it was not until the early Yuan
Dynasty that they came to be built on a large scale. The
Yuan Emperor Shizu (Kublai Khan), whose reign lasted from
1260 to 1293, appointed a Daoist priest from Shandong
province to the position of "National Teacher,"which
nominally put him in charge of all Chinese Doaist affairs.
This priest's name was Qiu Chuji, but he was commonly
known as the Sage of Eternal Spring (Changchun Zhenren).
While Qiu Chuji was in Beijing, he resided in the Temple
of the Great Ultimate, which he expanded and renamed the
Temple of Eternal Spring (Changchungong). From then on,
it became the center of Daoism in northern China. It was
not until the Zhengtong era (1436-1449) of the Ming Dynasty
that its current name was adopted.
The
extant temple was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty and exemplifies
the Daoist architecture of the period. The complex is
composed of multiple courtyards set out on a central axis.
From front to back the structures are as follows: a memorial
archway, the main gate, a pool, a bridge, the Hall of
Officials of the Heavenly Censor ate (corresponding to
the Buddhist Hall of Heavenly Kings), the Hall of the
Jade Emperor and the Hall of Religious Law (corresponding
to the rear hall of a Buddhist temple).
In
the center of the rear courtyard is the Hall of the Patriarch
Qiu, devoted to the worship of Qiu Chuji, and behind this,
the Hall of the Four Heavenly Emperors, the second story
of which is the Hall of Three Purities (corresponding
to the Sutra Repository of Buddhist temples and housing
the Daoist Tripitaka). Here one can see the similarity
between Daoist and Buddhist temple architectures, though
the decorative details and paintings make use of specifically
Daoist motifs such as lingzhi fungus, specifically Daoist
immortals and cranes, and the Eight Diagrams.
The
temple contains a stela with calligraphy by Emperor Qianlong
recording in detail the history the history of the temple
and the life of Qiu Chuji.
Entry ticket: 10 yuan;
Add: Binhe Lu, Xibianmen, Xicheng District;
Transport: Trolley Bus No. 114, buses No. 308, 320, 717,
727, 932, 937;
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